Government Guidelines for Nutrition

Government Guidelines for Nutrition Sarah Slack Unit Four Health Promotion and Development References 1 Department of Health. 1991. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London: HMSO. 2 Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2003. Salt and Health. London: TSO. It is important that the under-5s get enough energy (calories) for growth and development. Childcare workers should therefore be sensitive to the needs of children who are fussy eaters or small eaters and ensure that these children are offered a good variety of food that they will accept. Age Average energy requirements in kcals (calories) per day: 1 year 935kcals 2 years 1,160kcals 3 years 1,430kcals 4 years 1,530kcals (Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes JM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2 Years. Volume 1. Report of the Diet) Children in a childcare setting should always be encouraged to eat a varied diet. They should eat foods from each of the four main food groups every day. The four main food groups are: Bread, cereals and potatoes Fruit and vegetables Milk and dairy foods, Meat, fish and alternatives such as eggs, pulses (peas, beans and lentils) and soya. Vitamin C is important in maintaining good health and may have a role in helping the body to absorb iron if both nutrients are present in the same meal. Children should be encouraged to eat foods containing vitamin C at meals like fruit and fruit juices. Children who do not eat meat should have a varied diet containing foods such as cereals, pulses (peas, beans and lentils), vegetables and fruits. Children need nutritious snacks between meals. The best snacks are those which are low in sugar. A variety of snacks should be offered including fruit, vegetables, milk, yoghurt, any type of bread, and sandwiches with savoury fillings. When planning menus in a childcare setting you must consider children who have special needs. Some children may have particular dietary requirements or may need specific help with eating. Sarah Slack Food unsuitable for young children and babies There are many different foods which are unsuitable for young children and babies, such as: Salt Salt can be dangerous for babies as it can damage their kidneys. Salt should never be added to babies food. Stock cubes or gravy are high in salt so they should be avoided when making homemade food for babies. Pre-packaged food can contain high amounts of salt so the packaging should always be checked to ensure the salt intake isn’t too high. The table below shows the guidelines provided by the Food Standards Agency for salt consumption: Sugar Sugar is the leading cause of tooth decay in young children. Milk teeth which start to ‘come through’ when a child reaches the age of around 6 months are very susceptible to acid erosion from sugars. Research suggests that children are more sugar sensitive than adults, and the effects are more pronounced in younger children, according to Dr. Keith Conners, author of Feeding the Brain. This could be related to the fact that the brain grows rapidly in the preschool years, exaggerating the effects of sugar on behavior and learning. Honey Honey can contain a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum which can produce toxins in a baby’s intestines, leading to infant botulism, which is a very serious illness. The symptoms include: Constipation The child not wanting to feed or eat Suffering from lethargy These symptoms can take several months to appear after the spores have been consumed as the spores grow in the infant’s gastro-intestinal tract and as they grow the toxins are released into the blood stream. Once an infant reaches the age of one the intestines begin to develop ‘good’ bacteria which are able to fight off the bacteria. Nuts Whole nuts, including peanuts, should never be given to children under five as they can choke on them. As long as theres no history of food allergies or other allergies in a family a baby can be given peanuts once theyre six months old as long as they are crushed or ground into peanut butter. 1% of the population are affected by a peanut allergy and children that have a sibling which is affected have a greater risk of being affected themselves. Low fat foods Fat is an important source of calories and some vitamins for babies and young children. Until the age of two years children should be given whole fat milk, cheese, oily fish, yogurt and fromage frais. After the age of two the amount of fat in a child’s diet can gradually be decreased. Eggs Eggs should never be given to babies under 6 months old. Babies have a delicate intestinal system and they can react to the protein found in eggs. They can be given to babies over six months old, but they must be cooked until both the white and yolk are solid to prevent salmonella which can be very dangerous for young children. Saturated fat A child should never be given too many foods that are high in saturated fat such as crisps, chips, cheap burgers and cakes. Raw shellfish Raw shellfish can increase the risk of food poisoning so it’s should never be given to young babies and young children. They can contain salmonella bacteria which causes food poisoning. Swordfish, shark and marlin The amount of mercury in these fish can affect a baby’s growing nervous system so they should never be given to babies and children. Regular consumption above the recommended limits of fish containing high amounts of mercury can lead to a toxic build up and it can have a devastating effect on the central nervous system of babies and children, causing impairments with movements and cognitive brain function by displacement of essential neurons. Sarah Slack Record form for Dietary Requirements Child’s full name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Start date :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Address :†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Home telephone number:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Mobile:.. D.O.B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Male/Female Age†¦ Please give any details of your child’s dietary requirements including any food allergies: Please give a detailed list of any food or drink which your child CAN NOT have: In the unlikely case that your child consumes any of these items please give details of any treatment that should be given: I confirm that I will keep the nursery staff informed if any of the needs or allergies detailed on this form change or are no longer applicable. Signed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.ParentPrint Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Signed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Child care providerPrint Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sarah Slack Coeliac Disease Coeliac disease is intolerance to gluten and it is thought to affect around 1 in 100 people in the United Kingdom. It can affect people of all ages. Eating foods containing gluten can cause symptoms such as: Diarrhoea Bloating Feelingtired all the time, this is due to notgetting enough nutrients from food. Gluten can damage the lining of the intestines which prevents the absorption of nutrients from food. If this happens, a child can become malnourished and grow at a poor rate Flatulence Abdominal pain Weight loss Gluten is found in any food that contains wheat, rye and barley cereals, including: Pasta Cakes Breakfast cereals Most types of bread Certain types of sauces Some types of ready meals Any children with this condition should never be given these foods and the food they do eat should be well documented and checked for any gluten products. Potential long-term complications include: Osteoporosis(weakening of the bones) Iron deficiency (anaemia) Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency anaemia Sarah Slack Chronic Childhood Diseases There are various chronic diseases suffered by children which can have an effect on their mental and physical development. Some chronic childhood diseases that can effect development are: Diabetes Asthma Cerebral palsy Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Diabetes is a condition that prevents the body from properly using energy from food. It affects around 3.2 Million people in the UK. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce insulin, or when the pancreas produces insulin, but it is resisted by the body. It is a lifelong condition that causes a persons blood sugar level to become too high. There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the bodys immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. As no insulin is produced, glucose levels increase, which canseriously damage the bodys organs. Type 1 diabetes is often knownas insulin-dependent diabetes. Its also sometimesknown asjuvenile diabetes because it usually develops before during theteenage years. If you are diagnosed withtype 1 diabetes, you will needinsulin injections for the rest of your life. Type 2 diabetes is where the body doesnt produce enough insulin, or the bodys cells dont react to insulin. This is known asinsulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes. If youre diagnosed withtype 2 diabetes, you may be able to control your symptoms by simply eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly,and monitoring your blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity. Obesity related diabetes is more common in older people. Diabetes can have various complications that can hamper development in children. These include diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. Its caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It can impair a child’s vision which can have a knock-on effect with their development, both physically and intellectually. Diabetic neuropathy can affect nerves in many different parts of the body. The most common early symptoms of the condition are numbness, tingling, or sharp pains in the feet or lower legs. Because nerve damage can happen anywhere in the body, problems can occur in almost any organ system, including the digestive tract, urinary system, eyes, and heart. Asthma Asthma is a common long-term condition that can cause coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathlessness. Asthma typically appears in childhood and around 1 in 10 children are affected. Asthma symptoms can get gradually or suddenly worse. This is known as an asthma attack. During an attack the airways become inflammed and narrow which constricts the child’s breathing. Some allergies such as pet hair and pollen cause trigger an attack. Asthma can hamper emotional and intellectual development depending on the severity of the disease. If a child has to miss time off school due to frequent asthma attacks this could cause the child to fall behind on school work and also important socialising. The attacks may also be frightening for the child which can affect them emotionally. This could lead to anxiety and stress which in turn could impact on a child’s life when growing up. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is caused by a problem in the parts of the brain responsible for controlling muscles. The conditioncan occur if the brain develops abnormally or is damaged before, during or shortly after birth. Causes of cerebral palsy include: An infection caught by the mother during pregnancy Bleeding in the baby’s brain Changes in the genes that affect the brains development A difficult or premature birth Many can children suffer visually and may have hearing impairment. It may also affect learning and delay growth. A child with cerebral palsy may be slower in achieving important developmental goals, such as learning to crawl, walk or speak. Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disorder affecting the exocrine glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection. It can lead to inadequate growth due to poor digestion which is a result of malnutrition. Symptoms usually begin in early childhood and include persistent cough, wheeze, repeated chest infections, malabsorption of food and general ill health. Treatments include antibiotics, physiotherapy, and mucus thinning medicines, pancreatic enzyme replacements and other therapies. It is a life threatening condition. Bibliography References Department of Health. 1991. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects No. 41. London: HMSO. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. 2003. Salt and Health. London: TSO. Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes JM, Clarke PC. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children Aged 11/2 to 41/2 Years. Volume 1. Report of the Diet www.gdalabel.co.uk www.diabetes.co.uk Practical and Nutritional guidelines, Dr Helen Crawley www.kon.org.uk www.asthma.org.uk www.patient.co.uk

monsanto good or evil :: essays research papers

ANNISTON, Ala. -- On the west side of Anniston, the poor side of Anniston, the people ate dirt. They called it "Alabama clay" and cooked it for extra flavor. They also grew berries in their gardens, raised hogs in their back yards, caught bass in the murky streams where their children swam and played and were baptized. They didn't know their dirt and yards and bass and kids -- along with the acrid air they breathed -- were all contaminated with chemicals. They didn't know they lived in one of the most polluted patches of America. Now they know. They also know that for nearly 40 years, while producing the now-banned industrial coolants known as PCBs at a local factory, Monsanto Co. routinely discharged toxic waste into a west Anniston creek and dumped millions of pounds of PCBs into oozing open-pit landfills. And thousands of pages of Monsanto documents -- many emblazoned with warnings such as "CONFIDENTIAL: Read and Destroy" -- show that for decades, the corporate giant concealed what it did and what it knew. In 1966, Monsanto managers discovered that fish submerged in that creek turned belly-up within 10 seconds, spurting blood and shedding skin as if dunked into boiling water. They told no one. In 1969, they found fish in another creek with 7,500 times the legal PCB levels. They decided "there is little object in going to expensive extremes in limiting discharges." In 1975, a company study found that PCBs caused tumors in rats. They ordered its conclusion changed from "slightly tumorigenic" to "does not appear to be carcinogenic." the Environmental Protection Agency ordered General Electric Co. to spend $460 million to dredge PCBs it had dumped into the Hudson River in the past, perhaps the Bush administration's boldest environmental action to date. The decision was bitterly opposed by the company, but hailed by national conservation groups and many prominent and prosperous residents of the picturesque Hudson River Valley. Anniston is not much of a model city anymore. The EPA officials who set up an Anniston satellite office to deal with the PCB problem are now alarmed about widespread lead poisoning as well. The Army is building an incinerator here to burn 2,000 tons of deadly sarin and mustard gas. And the Anniston Star has been questioning Monsanto's past mercury releases. Officials at Solutia Inc., the name given to Monsanto's chemical operations after they were spun off into a separate company in 1997, acknowledge that Monsanto made mistakes.

Ballroom Dance Essay

As what I have observed, Ballroom Dance is a famous kind of dance done usually with a partner and is being enjoyed socially and competitively all over the world. I can say that partners of these dances both enjoyed it being accompanied by different kinds of music and dances each of it as one. Because of the kind of performance in doing this dance, it is widely performed on stage, film, and television. Because of its popularity, several types of it, was created. The following types of ballroom dances are: Waltz, Jazz, Jive, Cha-Cha, Rumba, Tango, Foxtrot and Quick Step. The first one; Waltz is called to be one of the smoothest type of ballroom dance, for it should be danced gracefully and is characterized with â€Å"rise and fall† movements. The second one; Jazz is a type of ballroom dance which uses movements such as; Jazz Hands, Kicks, Leaps, Sideways Shuffling, Rolled Shoulders, and Turned Knees. The third one; Jive is type of ballroom dance which is usually danced in a lively form of Swing Dance and a variation of the Jitterbug, The fourth one; Cha-Cha is a type of ballroom dance usually danced with passion and energy and danced by partners in a synchronize form of movement in a perfect alignment. The fifth one; Rumba is the most romantic and sensual type of ballroom dance and often referred to as the â€Å"Grandfather of Latin dances. † The sixth one; Tango is said to be the most fascinating of all ballroom dances. The seventh one; Foxtrot is said to be the funniest and the simplest dance to be learned especially for beginners which is usually done with long, flowing movements across the floor. And the last one, Quick Step is said to be the quick version of the ballroom dance; Foxtrot and the most difficult type of ballroom dance which is comprised of extremely quick stepping, syncopated feet rhythms, and runs of quick steps. As what I’ve watch, the performer number forty (40) is dominant to the dance. They perform well and they made me impressed in the way they dance. They are a perfect partner because both of them really love what they are doing. When I saw them performing especially when they are in front of us, my eyes didn’t take away from them even if there’s other pair performing. There are two kinds of ballroom dance I loved the most, the Jive and the Quick Step. It makes me sway and dance with the beat. There’s also a kind of ballroom dance i loved, the Rumba and Samba which made me say â€Å"WOW! †. This dance is cool because they can express the viewers what they what to show in there dance steps. Those kinds ballroom dance made me encourage and go back to dancing. That was my first time that I watched that ballroom competition. It’s nice and awesome. All of the dancers are energetic and graceful. It’s obvious that all of the contestant in the ballroom competition are enjoying and having fun. It helps the ballroom dancers improve the way they dance. That competition is a good example of expressing ones talent in dancing. As a viewer, I think I can dance like them and I can be better than them. Just like the performers, I also love dancing but not the way they dance. Maybe I can be better them if I practiced that kind of ballroom dance and if I really love what I am dancing. If I would be given a chance to become a ballroom dancer, I would be seriously focused on dancing. I’ll keep my passion on it and practice the right posture of the ballroom dance so I can be a good dancer. I can prove everyone that I can be better than them.

Are Heroes Born or Made - 1263 Words

â€Å"A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer. Ralph Waldo Emerson quotes †What is a hero? Is a hero someone who flies around wearing a red cape and blue tights? Is a hero someone in comic books who always fights the bad guys? Or is a hero an ordinary person who just does what they can to help others. Well in my opinion a hero is anyone who can show courage when faced with a problem. A hero is a person who is able to help another in various ways. A person can become a hero by saving someone who is in danger. A hero can help others and give them strength to go on through life’s difficulties. A hero can be someone who gave up his or her life so another could live. A hero can be anyone; they can be the†¦show more content†¦The final character that I think is a hero in the book The Outsiders is Ponyboy. The reason I think this is because along with Johnny and Dally Ponyboy was a Greaser. 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